PRID DELTA

Vaginal secretions have no impact on fertility
Score at removal of the PRID Delta	0 (clear or no debris)	1 (small flecks of purulent debris)	> 1 (abundant flecks of purulent debris)
Vaginal Discharge	11% (92/820)	54% (443/820)	35% (285/820)
Pregnancy per AI, D 32	37.9% ¹	39.3% ¹	42.7% ¹

Product	Ceva Code	AVP	CDMV	VP	WDDC
PRID Delta 10 x 1ds	C61411D	Special Order	123221	3911790	136071

Bisinotto, R.S., et al. “Follicular Wave of the Ovulatory Follicle and Not Cyclic Status Influences Fertility of Dairy Cows.” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 93, no. 8, 2010, pp. 3578–3587., doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3047.

Hayashi, K., Matsui, M., Shimizu, T., Sudo, N., Sato, A., Shirasuna, K., Tetsuka, M., Kida, K., Schams, D., & Miyamoto, A. (2008). The absence of corpus luteum formation alters the endocrine profile and affects follicular development during the first follicular wave in cattle. Reproduction, 136 6, 787-97.

Wiltbank, M. C., Souza, A. H., Carvalho, P. D., Cunha, A. P., Giordano, J. O., Fricke, P. M., Baez, G. M., & Diskin, M. G. (2014). Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle. Animal, 8, 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731114000585.

Garrett, J. E., Geisert, R. D., Zavy, M. T., & Morgan, G. L. (1988). Evidence for maternal regulation of early conceptus growth and development in beef cattle, Reproduction, 84(2), 437-446.

Rathbone MJ, Bunt CR, Ogle CR, Burggraaf S, Macmillan KL, Burke CR, Pickering KL (2002). Reengineering of a commercially available bovine intravaginal insert (CIDR insert) containing progesterone. J Control Release. Dec 13;85(1-3):105-15.

Van Werven T, Waldeck F, Souza AH, Floch S, Englebienne M (2013). Comparison of two intravaginal progesterone releasing devices (PRID Delta vs CIDR) in dairy cows: blood progesterone profile and field fertility. Anim Reprod Sci. May;138(3-4):143-9.

Walsh RB, LeBlanc SJ, Vernooy E, Leslie KE (2008). Safety of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device as assessed from vaginal mucosal integrity and indicators of systemic inflammation in postpartum dairy cows. Can J Vet Res. Jan;72(1):43-9.

Drake, E., Holden, S. A., Aublet, V., Doyle, R. C., Millar, C., Moore, S. G., Maicas, C., Randi, F., Cromie, A. R., Lonergan, P., & Butler, S. T. (2020). Evaluation of delayed timing of artificial insemination with sex-sorted sperm on pregnancy per artificial insemination in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(12), 12059–12068. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18847

Santos VG, Carvalho PD, Maia C, Carneiro B, Valenza A, Crump PM, Fricke PM (2016) Adding a second prostaglandin F2α treatment to but not reducing the duration of a PRID-Synch protocol increases fertility after resynchronization of ovulation in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1–11

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The Reproductive Cycle

In cows, the best time to inseminate in relation to the period of heat is:

During the second part of the heat.

Correct

Ovulation takes place between 6 and 10 hours after the end of heat. As the spermatozoa need 12 hours to swim up the genital tract to reach the oviduct where fertilization takes place, they arrive there just after ovulation.

At the start of heat.

Incorrect

The likelihood of fertilization is smaller than at the end of heat, because the percentage of dead sperm will be higher at the time of ovulation.

After heat has finished.

Incorrect

It is preferable, however, to inseminate between 1 and 3 hours after heat has finished rather than at the start of heat.

When blood can be seen on the vulva at the end of the heat.

Incorrect

This too late, since ovulation has already taken place.

In cows, when the start of heat is observed in the late morning, it is best to inseminate:

As soon as heat signs are observed.

Incorrect

This would correspond with the first half of heat during which fertility is not optimal.

On the afternoon of the same day.

Incorrect

This would correspond with the first half of heat during which fertility is not optimal.

The day after in the morning.

Correct

This corresponds with the end of the first hours after oestrus, which is the most appropriate period for optimal fertility.

On the afternoon of the day after.

Incorrect

The risk is that AI would occur at the same time as or just after ovulation, i.e., too late for optimal fertility.

In a herd of dairy cows in tie stalls, better heat detection can be obtained if observation of heat is carried out:

3 times a day, for 25 minutes each time, just before milking and during feeding.

Incorrect

It is better not to make such observations during a period of stress for animals (e.g., feeding, milking, etc.).

Twice a day, for 25 minutes each time, early in the morning and in the evening when the animals are calm.

Correct

The best conditions for observation are in fact when the cows are calm. Heat detection can be improved further by carrying out a 3rd daily observation, around midday.

When the animals are at the feeding rack, after milking, or during ration distribution.

Incorrect

It is always difficult to carry out detection during a period of stress for the animals or when they are eating.

Twice a day, 10 minutes each time, in the morning and the evening whilst the animals are calm.

Incorrect

The length of observation is too short even though it is carried out during an optimal period for heat detection.

A cow is considered to be on heat…

When she mounts other animals in the herd.

Incorrect

This sign can be observed at times around the actual period of heat, but it is not one of the most reliable signs.

When she remains motionless when mounted by other animals in the herd.

Correct

This is the defining criteria for telling whether a cow is on heat or not.

If her motor activity is reduced.

Incorrect

On the contrary, the motor activity of a cow on heat increases; it can be measured and recorded by an activity monitor.

If her production of milk reduces.

Incorrect

This criteria is not specific, but can frequently be observed when an animal is on heat.

In suckler cows, heat appears later than in dairy cows after calving:

Because after calving follicle growth resumes later.

Incorrect

Resumption of follicle growth is practically identical for both types of female.

Because the calf suckles its mother.

Correct

If a suckler cow is milked in the same way as a dairy cow, heat starts earlier after calving.

Because the first period of heat is not often very visible.

Incorrect

The first period of heat is often not very visible as much in dairy cows as it is in suckler cows.

Because, for suckler cows, heat detection is more difficult.

Incorrect

The heat detection is comparable between dairy and suckler cows.

In a herd of dairy cows in tie-stalls, observation for heat once every day…

May be sufficient if it lasts for an hour.

Incorrect

Since heat lasts for between 15 and 20 hours on average, it is difficult for more than 30% of the cows on heat to be detected in one long daily observation period.

May be sufficient if it is carried out before morning milking.

Incorrect

Since heat lasts for between 15 and 20 hours on average, it is difficult for more than 30% of the cows on heat to be detected in one long daily observation period.

Does not allow for proper observation.

Correct

2 to 3 20-minute observations per day are recommended, outside milking and feeding times, to detect 80% of the cows that are in estrus.

Does not allow for proper observation unless it is carried out by the same person.

Incorrect

Since heat lasts for between 15 and 20 hours on average, it is difficult for more than 30% of the cows on heat to be detected in one long daily observation period, even if it is carried out by the same person.

In dairy cows the first signs of heat after calving:

Never appear before the 20th day after calving.

Incorrect

Whilst on average the first signs of heat appear around 20 to 25 days after calving, some animals may be on heat from the first week following calving onwards.

Are rarely evident.

Correct

The first ovulation after calving can be early (from 8 days onwards) but is not often accompanied by heat. When signs of heat appear, they are often discrete.

Do not need to be looked for.

Incorrect

Even if estrus starts in the month that follows calving, the cow will not be inseminated then. However, detection of the first period of heat will make detection of following periods of heat easier.

Are unsuitable before at least 100 day after calving.

Incorrect

Animals that show signs of estrus within 50 days after calving are more likely to have higher fertility index.

In cows, duration of the heat:

Is shorter than for heifers.

Incorrect

The duration of heat in heifers is shorter than in cows.

Varies from 1 to 3 days.

Incorrect

Heat does not last for more than 24 hours in cows.

Is approximately 10 to 20 hours.

Correct

(Duration of heat in cows is on average 14 hours +/- 5 hours; 45% of heat starts in the evening or at night; 16% lasts for less than 8 hours.

Is proportional to the level of proteins in their feed.

Incorrect

Heat duration is not affected by the protein levels in the feed.

Your score is:

Cattle Reproduction

Which of the following is false regarding dairy heifers that experienced a respiratory disease:

They are more likely to experience dystocia at first calving.

True

Dairy heifers that had BRD are 2.4 times more likely to experience dystocia at first calving.

They are older at first calving compare to healthy heifers.

True

Dairy heifers that had BRD are, in average, 3 months older at calving.

The pregnancy rate at first AI is the same as healthy heifers.

False

Dairy heifers that had BRD have a 10% lower rate of pregnancy at first AI.

Their milk production at first lactation is lower.

True

Dairy heifers that had BRD have an average of 525kg decrease in milk yield at first lactation.

The body condition of a suckler cow, scored from 0 to 5.

Can be assessed by observation of the tail region and the last rib.

Incorrect

Assessment should be carried out by palpation.

Can be assessed by palpating the area around the lumbar vertebrae and the fold under the tail.

Correct

Palpation is recommended; a simple observation will not be sufficient.

Should be 2 for a first-time calver cow when she is bred.

Incorrect

For cows calving for the first time, body condition score should be 3 and for a multiparous cow, 2.5.

Should be 4 for a first-time calver when she calves.

Incorrect

This score is too high- there could be difficulties with calving. The ideal score is 3.

Which statement is false regarding the synchronization of heat in suckler cows:

Treatment may have more satisfactory results with heifers in comparison to first-time calvers.

Incorrect

Results are often better with heifers than with cows.

Treatment may have more satisfactory results with multiparous animals in comparison with first-time calvers.

Incorrect

In general, the fertility rate in first-time calvers is lower than that in multiparous animals.

Results may be less satisfactory with multiparous animals when calving has taken place more than 50 days previously.

Correct

On the contrary, results are less satisfactory when calving has taken place less than 50 days previously. While uterine involution may appear to have finished in macroscopic terms. It hasn´t completely finished; it is therefore advisable to wait that the uterus is ready to receive embryos.

Results may be less satisfactory on heifers that have suffered an episode of bovine respiratory disease in the past.

Incorrect

Heifers that had BRD usually have lower fertility index.

In cows, ovulation takes place:

Right before the heat takes place.

Incorrect

Heat lasts from 8 to 24 hours and ovulation occurs between 6 to 10 hours after the end of heat.

During the first part of the heat.

Incorrect

Heat lasts from 8 to 24 hours and ovulation occurs between 6 to 10 hours after the end of heat.

During the second part of the heat.

Incorrect

Heat lasts from 8 to 24 hours and ovulation occurs between 6 to 10 hours after the end of heat.

After heat has finished.

Correct

Heat lasts from 8 to 24 hours and ovulation occurs between 6 to 10 hours after the end of heat.

The body condition of a dairy cow, scored from 0 to 5.

Can be assessed by palpating the area around the last rib and the fold under the tail.

Incorrect

The area around the tailhead and the lumbar spines are the best places to assess body condition.

Can be scored by observing the tail region.

Incorrect

Assessment should always include palpation.

Should be between 3 and 3.5 when drying off takes places.

Correct

It is important to check the body condition at this moment in time to enable the breeder to adjust feed rations during the drying out period if necessary.

I believe in body diversity and I do not judge animals by their body condition.

Incorrect

The body score is a health parameter.

A dairy cow is ready for breeding after calving:

As soon as she goes on heat.

Incorrect

First heat can occur 8 days after calving; this is much too early for insemination to be carried out since uterine involution has not yet finished.

30 days post-partum onwards, when uterine involution has finished.

Incorrect

Whilst involution may appear to have finished in macroscopic terms. It hasn´t completely finished; it is therefore advisable to wait for another 10 to 15 days so that the uterus is ready to receive embryos.

Around 45-50 days post-partum.

Correct

Prior checks on whether uterine involution is finished and if the animal has a satisfactory body condition are desirable.

When the animal´s body condition has returned to a level identical to that at calving.

Incorrect

Prior checks on whether uterine involution is finished and if the animal has a satisfactory body condition are desirable.

When breeding a dairy heifer for the first time, it is necessary that:

She is at least 15 months old.

Incorrect

Age is not the main criteria when breeding a heifer for the first time. Weight is the most important to be considered.

She is at least 18 months old.

Incorrect

Age is not the main criteria when breeding a heifer for the first time. Weight is the most important to be considered.

She reaches 60% of the adult weight.

Correct

This is the weight that should be reached before breeding a heifer for the first time.

She reaches 40-45% of the adult weight.

Incorrect

This is the weight reached at puberty. However, it is still too early for breeding a heifer for the first time, because the animal´s sexual cycle is not yet regular, and her physical development is insufficient.

When wishing to synchronize heat in a herd of suckler cows, flushing (providing high energy feed) is advisable:

In first-time calver cows when their body condition score is between 2 and 2.5.

Correct

The aim is to bring cows that are calving for the first time into reproduction when their body condition score is 3.

In multiparous cows when their body condition score is between 2.5 and 3.

Incorrect

The aim for this type of cow is to bring them into reproduction with a body condition score of 2.5; it is not advisable to flush an animal with a good body condition.

In multiparous cows when their body condition score is between 3.5 and 4.

Incorrect

The aim for this type of cow is to bring them into reproduction with a body condition score of 2.5; it is not advisable to flush an animal with a high body score.

In all cases, without taking body condition into account.

Incorrect

It is not advisable to flush animals with good body condition.

Your score is:

Hormones in Cattle Reproduction

In cows, during the estrus cycle, the corpus luteum:

Secretes PMSG.

Incorrect

PMSG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin) is a hormone extracted from pregnant mare serum that has LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) properties.

Secretes prostaglandins.

Incorrect

The prostaglandins are secreted by the uterus, enabling lysis (breaking down) of the corpus luteum.

Secretes progesterone.

Correct

This is the hormone which, by blocking the hypothalamus-pituitary system, prevents any ovulation outside heat.

Can be broken down (lysis) by an injection of PMSG.

Incorrect

PMSG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin) is a hormone extracted from pregnant mare serum that has LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) properties.

For optimal reproduction, circulating progesterone levels should:

Be low during the follicular growth phase.

Incorrect

Several studies demonstrated that high progesterone levels during follicular growth is linked with improved fertility.

Be low at time of breeding.

Correct

An efficient luteolysis with a rapid decrease in progesterone levels at time of breeding is linked with improved conception rates.

Be low after breeding.

Incorrect

Progesterone is not only required to sustain pregnancy, but high progesterone levels after breeding have been linked with higher conception rates and fewer pregnancy losses.

Be high throughout all the estrus cycle.

Incorrect

High progesterone levels are suitable in the follicular growth phase, but the variations in hormones levels are necessary to trigger behavioral estrus and allowing conception.

Progesterone is:

Produced by the Corpus Luteus (CL) and excreted in urine.

Incorrect

Progesterone is produced by the CL and the placenta but is not excreted in urine.

Produced by the pituitary gland and catabolized by the kidneys.

Incorrect

Progesterone is produced by the CL and the placenta (if pregnancy) and is not catabolized by the kidneys.

Produced by CL and the placenta and catabolized by liver enzymes.

Correct

Progesterone is produced by the CL and the placenta (if pregnancy) and is metabolized by the liver enzymes.

Produced by CL and the placenta and catabolized by the kidneys.

Incorrect

Progesterone is produced by the CL and the placenta (if pregnancy) But is not catabolized by the kidneys.

Progesterone metabolism in cows is independent of:

The milk production.

Incorrect

The higher the milk production of a cow is, the highest the clearance rate of progesterone will be.

The dry matter consumption.

Incorrect

The higher the nutrient intake of a cow is, the highest the clearance rate of progesterone will be.

The type of housing.

Correct

The type of housing does not affect the progesterone metabolism of the cow.

The blood flow to the liver.

Incorrect

Progesterone metabolism is directly link with the blood flow to the liver (catabolism by liver enzymes).

Prostaglandin F₂α:

Dinoprost and Cloprostenol are synthetic prostaglandins.

Incorrect

Cloprostenol is a synthetic prostaglandin analogue and dinoprost is the natural prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α or dinoprost).

Dinoprost and Cloprostenol have lutheolytic ability.

Correct

Both forms of PGF₂α have luteolytic abilities and might be used in synchronization protocols.

Dinoprost and Cloprostenol are natural prostaglandins.

Incorrect

cloprostenol is a synthetic prostaglandin analogue and dinoprost is the natural prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α or dinoprost).

Cloprostenol is knowned to have greater uterotonic (uterine involution) effects than Dinoprost.

Incorrect

Natural prostaglandins are known to have a greater uterotonic effect than prostaglandin analogues.

Regarding progesterone:

Progesterone inhibits the LH surge at the level of hypothalamic GnRH secretion.

Correct

High circulating progesterone is linked with low frequency (1 pulse/h) low amplitude LH pulses. Low circulating progesterone is linked with high frequency (4-6 pulses/h) high amplitude LH pulses.

High circulating progesterone is linked with high frequency and high amplitude LH pulses.

Incorrect

High circulating progesterone is linked with low frequency) low amplitude LH pulses. Low circulating progesterone is linked with high frequency high amplitude LH pulses.

The lower the circulating progesterone is at the time of induced luteolysis (PGF₂α) the higher the embryo survival is.

Incorrect

The higher the circulating progesterone is at the time of induced luteolysis (PGF₂α) the higher is embryo survival.

Low circulating progesterone levels after breeding are associated with beneficial effects on the uterine environment and its capacity to grow embryos.

Incorrect

High circulating progesterone levels after breeding are associated with beneficial effects on the uterine environment and its capacity to grow embryos.

In the following statements, which does not constitute a therapeutic use of a progesterone intravaginal releasing device:

Estrus synchronization.

Incorrect

Exogenous progesterone is widely used to synchronize estrus in cattle.

Treatment of anestrus.

Incorrect

Exogenous progesterone has been showed effective in the treatment of anestrus cows.

Treatment of subclinical metritis.

Correct

Progesterone Intravaginal releasing device are not recommended for metritis treatment.

Treatment of ovarian cyst.

Incorrect

Exogenous progesterone has been showed effective in the treatment of cystic cows.

What is the minimal concentration of circulating progesterone during follicular growth to optimize fertility in anovular cows:

1 ng/ml

Incorrect

The minimal concentration of circulating progesterone during follicular growth to optimize fertility in anovular cows is 2ng/ml.

2 ng/ml

Correct

The minimal concentration of circulating progesterone during follicular growth to optimize fertility in anovular cows is 2ng/ml.

5 ng/ml

Incorrect

The minimal concentration of circulating progesterone during follicular growth to optimize fertility in anovular cows is 2ng/ml.

17 ng/ml

Incorrect

The minimal concentration of circulating progesterone during follicular growth to optimize fertility in anovular cows is 2ng/ml.

References

1. Rathbone MJ, Bunt CR, Ogle CR, Burggraaf S, Macmillan KL, Burke CR, Pickering KL (2002). Reengineering of a commercially available bovine intravaginal insert (CIDR insert) containing progesterone. J Control Release. Dec 13;85(1-3):105-15.
2. Van Werven T, Waldeck F, Souza AH, Floch S, Englebienne M (2013). Comparison of two intravaginal progesterone releasing devices (PRID Delta vs CIDR) in dairy cows: blood progesterone profile and field fertility. Anim Reprod Sci. May;138(3-4):143-9.
3. Walsh RB, LeBlanc SJ, Vernooy E, Leslie KE (2008). Safety of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device as assessed from vaginal mucosal integrity and indicators of systemic inflammation in postpartum dairy cows. Can J Vet Res. Jan;72(1):43-9.
4. CLI/410K41.0/0709 (2010). WBC Santiago Chile.
5. Santos VG, Carvalho PD, Maia C, Carneiro B, Valenza A, Crump PM, Fricke PM (2016) Adding a second prostaglandin F2α treatment to but not reducing the duration of a PRID-Synch protocol increases fertility after resynchronization of ovulation in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1–11
6. Adams, E.A, Buczinski,S. Short communication: Ultrasonographic assessment of lung consolidation postweaning and survival to the first lactation in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Feb;99(2):1465-1470.
7. Stanton, A.l , Kelton, D.F. ,LeBlanc, S.J. Wormuth, J, Leslie, K.E. The effect of respiratory disease and a preventative antibiotic treatment on growth, survival, age at first calving, and milk production of dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Sep;95(9):4950-4960.
8. Teixeira, A.G.V. McArt, J.A.A, Bicalho, R.C. Thoracic ultrasound assessment of lung consolidation at weaning in Holstein dairy heifers: Reproductive performance and survival. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Apr;100(4):2985-2991.
9. Warnick, L.D.Erb, H.N.White, M.E. Lack of Association Between Calf Morbidity and Subsequent First Lactation Milk Production in 25 New York Holstein Herds. J Dairy Sci. 1995 Dec;78(12):2819-30
10. Dunn, T.R., Ollivett, T.L. Renaud, D.L., Leslie, K.E. Leblanc, S.J. Duffield, T.F. Kelton, D.F. The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Jun;101(6):5404-5410

Sometimes, more really is more.

Progesterone quick facts

High levels of circulating progesterone:

PRID Delta Progesterone releasing intra-vaginal device:

Controlled release of progesterone

Designed for Optimal cow comfort

Optimal retention rate

Well tolerated by animals

PRID DELTA minimizes local reactions in the vagina with a low level of vaginal secretions and no impact on fertility!

Unequalled efficacy

PRID Delta use in breeding protocol - optimization of reproductive success

Comparison of two intravaginal progesterone releasing devices (PRID Delta vs CIDR) in dairy cows: Blood progesterone profile and field fertility

Comparison of two intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices in shortened-timed artificial insemination protocols in beef cattle

Improve cattle fertility and increase profit with PRID Delta

PRID Delta improves the fertility performance of your cows and therefore increases the net return of your herd by:

PRID Delta helps to obtain better fertility, and better fertility means:

Directions for use

On Farm Demonstration Video

How to PREPARE, APPLY and REMOVE the PRID DELTA device. Best practice and mistakes to avoid

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